The Aftermath of Rape

The emotional impact of rape can be profound from the first moments of the attack and for years afterward. The survivor reacts initially with a sense of isolation, helplessness, and a total loss of self. How the survivor handles the severe stress of this crisis usually falls into a recognizable pattern.

The acute reaction phase usually lasts for a few days to a few weeks. Typically,  there is a reaction of shock, fear, disbelief, and emotional turmoil. Guilt, shame, anger, and outrage are commonly seen in those survivors who are able to talk about their feelings. Others adopt a more controlled style, they have an apparent calmness that may indicate that they are forcing an attitude of control or are denying the reality or impact of the experience.. 

This phase is usually followed by a post-traumatic episode  which can last weeks or months. The survivor undergoes a limited degree of coming to grips him/herself and their situation. Superficially, the experience may seem over. They try to relate to their family and friends, return to everyday activities and tries to be relaxed cheerful. But deep down inside the fears, self-doubts, and feelings about the experience are still there. 

The final phase, a long-term regrowth and recovery process, varies considerably depending upon the survivor's age, personality, available support systems, the treatment by others. Frightening  flashbacks and nightmares are common. For women, fears about being alone, suspicious men and fear of sexual activity surface with distressing frequency. Proper therapy may be needed to deal with these fears and the depression that often occurs.

One study showed that 22 months after being raped almost half the women reported some form of fear, anxiety, or symptoms of depression; many also had trouble sleeping, feeling of vulnerability, and fear of walking alone, even during the day. 

The most common symptom almost 2 years after the rape was generalized suspicion of others.  Notably, acquaintance rape is just as emotionally devastating as rape by a stranger.

Based on my own research in an isolated community, out of 100 women I interviewed, 90% had been sexually abused by a family member and 75% were under the age of twelve.  

The biggest challenge in all cases is to recognize that it is an act of violence and power over women and children. It has nothing to do with sex.